368 NEWSLETTER 2021 • packaging; • presentations of more than one object presented together (such as stores); • graphic symbols (such as logo); and • typographic typefaces (such as Times New Roman). Computer programs are excluded from product definition. In addition, it should be noted that works, such as pictures, photographs, sculptures, posters, cartoon characters, architectural structures, maps, internet pages that can be protected within the scope of Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works No. 5846 can also benefit from design protection if the conditions are met. Pursuant to Article 58 of the IPC, it is regulated that in a modular system that is comprised of different or identical units, such as a jigsaw, or designs that enable these units to connect with each other in various ways, either finitely or infinitely, will benefit from protection, as well. Classification of Designs The product groups for which design registration may be requested are listed in the LocarnoAgreement and they are identified by using the code numbers and names corresponding to the products. There are 32 classes in this classification system. For example, while jewels are in class 11, lamps are in class 26. Who Can Benefit from Design Protection? Article 3 of the IPC regulates the persons who can benefit from design protection. Accordingly, i) Citizens of the Republic of Turkey, ii) Real or legal persons residing or engaging in industrial or commercial activities within the borders of the Republic of Turkey, iii) Persons who have the right of application according to the Paris Convention or the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization dated 15/4/1994, and iv) In accordance with the principle of reciprocity, nationals of states that provide industrial property rights protection to citizens of the Republic of Turkey can benefit from design protection.
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